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Chosen-plaintext attack
A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts.〔Ross Anderson, ''Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems''. The first edition (2001): http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/book.html〕 The goal of the attack is to gain information which reduces the security of the encryption scheme.
==Introduction==
In a chosen-plaintext attack the adversary can adaptively ask for the ciphertexts of arbitrary messages. This is formalized by allowing the adversary to interact with an encryption oracle, viewed as a black box.
This appears, at first glance, to be an unrealistic model; as it is unlikely that an attacker could persuade a human cryptographer to encrypt large amounts of plaintexts of the attacker's choosing. However, modern cryptography is implemented in software or hardware and is used for a diverse range of applications; for many cases, a chosen-plaintext attack is often very feasible. Chosen-plaintext attacks become extremely important in the context of public key cryptography, where the encryption key is public and so attackers can encrypt any plaintext they choose.
In the worst case, a chosen-plaintext attack could reveal the scheme's secret key. For some chosen-plaintext attacks, only a small part of the plaintext needs to be chosen by the attacker: such attacks are known as plaintext injection attacks.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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